Comparison between Different Kinds of Electric Batteries
Battery-powered Electric Vehicles are starting to play a significant role in today’s automotive industry. There are many types of batteries found in the construction of today’s Electric Vehicles, being hard to decide which one fulfils all the most important characteristics from different viewpoints, such as energy storage efficiency, constructive characteristics, cost price, and safety and utilization life.
This Battery management courses presents the autonomy of an Electric Vehicle that utilizes four different types of batteries: Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion), Molten Salt (Na-NiCl2), Nickel Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) and Lithium Sulphur (Li-S), all of them having the same electric energy storage capacity. The novelty of this scientific work is the implementation of four different types of batteries for Electric Vehicles on the same model to evaluate the vehicle’s autonomy and the efficiency of these battery types on a driving cycle, in real-time, digitized by computer simulation.
· Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lithium batteries are currently used in most portable consumer electronics such as cell phones and laptops because of their high energy per unit mass relative to other electrical energy storage systems. They also have a high power-to-weight ratio, energy efficiency, good high-temperature performance, and low self-discharge. Most components of lithium-ion batteries can be recycled, but the cost of material recovery remains a challenge for the industry.
The Department of Energy supports the Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Prize to identify solutions for collecting; sorting, storing and transporting spent and discarded lithium-ion batteries for eventual recycling and materials recovery. Most of today’s PHEVs and EVs use lithium-ion batteries, though the exact chemistry often varies from consumer electronics batteries. Research and development are ongoing to reduce their relatively high cost, extend their useful life, and address safety concerns regarding overheating.
· Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries
Nickel-metal hydride batteries used routinely in computer and medical equipment, offer reasonable specific energy and specific power capabilities. Nickel-metal hydride batteries have a much longer life cycle than lead-acid batteries and are safe and abuse tolerant. As a result, these batteries have been widely used in HEVs. The main challenges with nickel-metal hydride Battery technology consulting are:
1. Their high cost.
2. High self-discharge and heat generation at high temperatures.
3. The need to control hydrogen loss.
· Lead-Acid Batteries
Lead-acid batteries can be developed to be high power and are inexpensive, safe, and reliable. However, downward specific energy, poor cold-temperature performance, and short calendar and cycle life impede their use. Advanced high-power lead-acid batteries are being developed, but these batteries are only used in commercially available electric-drive vehicles for ancillary loads.
· Ultracapacitors
Ultracapacitors store energy in a polarized liquid between an electrode and an electrolyte. Energy storage capacity increases as the liquid’s surface area increases. Ultracapacitors can provide vehicles additional power during acceleration and hill climbing and help recover braking energy. They may also be useful as secondary energy-storage devices in electric-drive vehicles because they help electrochemical batteries level load power.
